Python Operators Tutorial - Arithmetic, Logical, Comparison

Python Operators

An operators are used to perform a mathematical operation on single or multiple operands. There are various operators available in Python, which are categorized into 5 parts-

Arithmetic Operators:-

Operator	Description
+	Addition
-	Subtraction
*	Multiplication
/	Division
%	Modulus (Remainder of a division)
**	Exponentiation
//	Floor Division

Assignment Operators:-

Operator	Description
=	Assign
+=	Add and assign
-=	Subtract and assign
*=	Multiply and assign
/=	Divide and assign
%=	Modulus and assign
//=	-
**=	-
&=	-
\|=	-
^=	-
>>=	-
<<=	-

Comparison Operators:-

Operator	Description
Operator	Description
==	Equal to
!=	Not equal to
>	Greater than
>=	Greater than or equal to
<	Less than
<=	Less than or equal to

Boolean or Logical Operators:-

Operator	Description
and	Logical AND
or	Logical OR
not	Logical NOT

Identity Operators:-

Operator	Description
is	-
is not	-

Membership Operators:-

Operator	Description
in	-
not in	-

Bitwise Operators:-

Operator	Description
&	-
\|	-
^	-
~	-
<<	-
>>	-

Python Operators in Action

Let's see all the major operator categories with practical code examples.

Arithmetic & Assignment

a, b = 10, 3

# Arithmetic
print(a + b)   # 13  - addition
print(a - b)   # 7   - subtraction
print(a * b)   # 30  - multiplication
print(a / b)   # 3.333... - true division (always float)
print(a // b)  # 3   - floor division (integer result)
print(a % b)   # 1   - modulus (remainder)
print(a ** b)  # 1000 - exponentiation

# Assignment operators
x = 5
x += 3;  print(x)  # 8
x -= 2;  print(x)  # 6
x *= 4;  print(x)  # 24
x //= 5; print(x)  # 4
x **= 2; print(x)  # 16
x %= 5;  print(x)  # 1

Comparison, Identity, and Membership Operators

Comparison, Identity, Membership

# Comparison operators
print(5 == 5)   # True
print(5 != 3)   # True
print(10 > 5)   # True
print(3 >= 3)   # True
print(2 < 5)    # True
print(4 <= 3)   # False

# Logical operators
print(True and False)  # False
print(True or False)   # True
print(not True)        # False

# Identity operators - check if same object in memory
a = [1, 2, 3]
b = a          # same reference
c = [1, 2, 3]  # different object, same value

print(a is b)      # True  - same object
print(a is c)      # False - different objects
print(a is not c)  # True

# Membership operators - check if value exists in sequence
fruits = ['apple', 'banana', 'cherry']
print('apple' in fruits)      # True
print('mango' not in fruits)  # True

text = 'Hello, Python!'
print('Python' in text)       # True
print('Java' not in text)     # True

# Walrus operator := (Python 3.8+)
numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10]
if (n := len(numbers)) > 5:
    print(f"List has {n} elements, which is more than 5")

Key Takeaways

Python uses // for floor division (integer result) and / for true division (always returns float).
The ** operator handles exponentiation - use it instead of pow() for simple cases.
is checks object identity (same memory address); == checks value equality.
in and not in are membership operators - they work on lists, tuples, strings, sets, and dicts.
Python logical operators are words (and, or, not) not symbols (&& || !) like in C/Java.
The walrus operator := (Python 3.8+) assigns and returns a value in a single expression.