File System vs Database Approach
File System vs Database Approach
Before the data-base approach to store and manipulate the records of any institution, bank or organization, we had used file system in which each and every kinds of information stored into a permanent file and to manipulate them large number of application programs were there. These application programs were designed by the programmer according to the need of institution, but very frequently programmer had to change or develop the new application program as per the modified or new need of that institution. It has several disadvantages, due to which DBMS software was developed. Some of the major drawbacks of file system has given below-
Data Redundancy:- Same information was stored into the several files. Due to this redundancy memory requirement was bigger and also accessing cost was high.
E.g. Like a customer has five different accounts in a bank, so his name and other details was stored into all files.
Inconsistency:- Inconsistency problem is totally depended on redundancy.
E.g. Like a bank customer is a girl and after marriage she has got some new name and this modification is done in all accounts of bank and their relevent files, but mistakenly any file is left so at the time of accessing this left file will be treated as different customer with comparision to rest of the file.
Difficulty in Accessing Data:- So many times we have to find a record or list of record as per the given condition, but at the development time of application program there was no such concept, so programmer has to develop a new application program.
Data Isolation:- In a file processing system, there are large number of files with different format and they are in very scatter and irrugular form. So it is difficult to manipulate the whole data with a common set of programs.
Atomicity Problem:- Atomic process means the process which must happen in its entity or not at all, but due to electronic nature of computer, failure may occur at any time and incomplete process of that time creates so many problems in data-base, this state is called inconsistent data-base state and this this process is called non-atomic process; this is the problem with file system.
Simultaneous Access Problem:- Many systems permit multiple users to update the data simultaneously, but in this type of working, interaction between simultaneous updates may result in inconsistent data. To protect against this possibility, there must be some sort of supervision is required but this is difficult process in file system.
Security Problem:- Every user has to use particular portion or part of data-base according to her/his need in DBMS, so there is some sort of security is provided to restrict each user, but in file system every user has a separate security file and number of users are more than number of security files are more so it is very inconvenient process.