User Input & Output in Python

print("Hello, World!")
print(42)
print(3.14)
print(True)

# Multiple values — separated by space by default
print("Name:", "Alice", "Age:", 25)   # Name: Alice Age: 25

# Custom separator
print("a", "b", "c", sep="-")        # a-b-c
print("a", "b", "c", sep="")         # abc

# Custom end (default is newline \n)
print("Hello", end=" ")
print("World")                        # Hello World (on one line)

# Print to a file
with open("log.txt", "w") as f:
    print("Log entry", file=f)

# Pretty print complex objects
import pprint
data = {"name": "Alice", "scores": [95, 87, 92], "active": True}
pprint.pprint(data)

# Basic input
name = input("Enter your name: ")
print(f"Hello, {name}!")

# input() always returns a string — convert as needed
age_str = input("Enter your age: ")
age = int(age_str)
print(f"In 10 years you'll be {age + 10}")

# One-liner conversion
height = float(input("Enter your height in meters: "))

# Multiple inputs on one line
x, y = input("Enter two numbers separated by space: ").split()
x, y = int(x), int(y)
print(f"Sum: {x + y}")

# Read a list of numbers
numbers = list(map(int, input("Enter numbers: ").split()))
print(f"Sum: {sum(numbers)}")
print(f"Max: {max(numbers)}")

# Keep asking until valid input
def get_int(prompt: str) -> int:
    while True:
        try:
            return int(input(prompt))
        except ValueError:
            print("Please enter a valid integer.")

age = get_int("Enter your age: ")
print(f"Age: {age}")

# Validate within a range
def get_score() -> int:
    while True:
        try:
            score = int(input("Enter score (0-100): "))
            if 0 <= score <= 100:
                return score
            print("Score must be between 0 and 100.")
        except ValueError:
            print("Please enter a number.")

# Yes/No prompt
def ask_yes_no(question: str) -> bool:
    while True:
        answer = input(f"{question} (y/n): ").strip().lower()
        if answer in ("y", "yes"):
            return True
        if answer in ("n", "no"):
            return False
        print("Please enter y or n.")

if ask_yes_no("Continue?"):
    print("Continuing...")

# Table-style output
students = [
    ("Alice", 20, 95.5),
    ("Bob", 22, 87.0),
    ("Charlie", 21, 92.3),
]

print(f"{'Name':<10} {'Age':>4} {'Score':>7}")
print("-" * 25)
for name, age, score in students:
    print(f"{name:<10} {age:>4} {score:>7.1f}")

# Output:
# Name        Age   Score
# -------------------------
# Alice        20    95.5
# Bob          22    87.0
# Charlie      21    92.3

# Progress indicator
import time
for i in range(1, 6):
    print(f"\rProgress: {i}/5", end="", flush=True)
    time.sleep(0.5)
print()  # newline after loop